Acknowledgments

Daniel Raff would like to thank the many industry executives who made time to speak with him on background. Colleagues George Day, Charles Fine, Louis Galambos, Robert Gordon, Janice Hammond, Leonard Lodish, David Reibstein, Walter Salmon, and Sidney Winter also contributed. Raff would like to thank Nicolas Fawzi, Faye Iosotaluno, Xian Li, Max Lin, and Preeta Roy for research assistance. This work was supported by the Wharton School's Huntsman Emerging Technologies Management Research Program, Jones Center for Management Policy, Strategy, and Organization, and Mack Center for Technological Innovation.